Influenza: What You Need to Know

Influenza, commonly called the flu, is a contagious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. It affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs, and can range from mild to severe illness. Seasonal outbreaks occur every year, and while most people recover without complications, influenza can be dangerous for young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.

Causes
Influenza is caused by influenza viruses, which spread easily from person to person. The main modes of transmission include:

• Inhaling droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks
• Touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes
• Close contact with an infected person, such as caring for them or sharing utensils

Symptoms
Influenza symptoms usually appear 1 to 4 days after exposure and can include:

• Sudden fever or chills
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Muscle or body aches
• Fatigue and weakness
• Headache

In severe cases, especially in vulnerable groups, symptoms can escalate to:

• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Chest pain
• Confusion or dizziness
• Severe dehydration
• Worsening of chronic medical conditions

Prevention
Preventing influenza involves good hygiene and immunization. Key steps include:

• Getting the annual flu vaccine, which is the most effective way to reduce risk
• Washing hands frequently with soap and water
• Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
• Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing
• Disinfecting frequently touched surfaces regularly
• Staying home if you are sick to prevent spreading the virus

What to Do in Serious Conditions
If influenza symptoms become severe:

• Seek medical care immediately, especially if there is difficulty breathing, chest pain, persistent vomiting, or confusion
• Antiviral medications may be prescribed by a healthcare professional to reduce severity and duration
• Rest, stay hydrated, and monitor for signs of complications such as pneumonia
• Isolate yourself from others to prevent transmission

Key Points to Remember

• Influenza is a common but potentially serious respiratory illness.
• It spreads through droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces.
• Early symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and fatigue.
• Vaccination, hygiene, and avoiding contact with sick individuals are the best prevention methods.
• Severe cases require prompt medical attention and supportive care.

Understanding influenza, taking preventive measures, and seeking timely medical care are essential for protecting yourself and those around you. Staying informed and vaccinated is the key to reducing the impact of the flu.